A recent case of chikungunya has been reported this week in Mauritius, marking the first occurrence since 2009. In response, the Mauritian authorities have swiftly enacted measures to curb the virus's spread. It is crucial for both residents and expatriates to remain informed and vigilant. This article provides comprehensive information about chikungunya, updates on the situation in Mauritius, and guidance on safeguarding yourself and your loved ones.
What is the current situation in Mauritius?
On Monday, March 17, a case of chikungunya was confirmed at La Preneuse on the island's west coast. The patient, a 37-year-old woman, had not traveled recently, indicating local transmission of the virus. This is the first case recorded in Mauritius since 2009, prompting authorities to act quickly.
However, since the confirmation of this first local case of chikungunya, no new cases have been reported. According to Dr. Fazil Khodabocus, acting director of health services, PCR analyses conducted on the 11 samples collected in connection with this case have all turned out negative.
Measures implemented by the Mauritian authorities
The Mauritian authorities have promptly implemented a comprehensive prevention and control strategy following the recent detection of a chikungunya case. Health Minister Anil Bachoo has stressed the need for community cooperation to avoid an outbreak.
Key measures include:
- Fumigation and mosquito control operations in the patient's frequent areas, such as La Preneuse, Tamarin, Péreybère, and Curepipe.
- Rigorous monitoring at major entry points, including airports and ports, to identify any imported cases.
- Ongoing surveillance of the patient's close contacts to watch for symptoms.
- Widespread dissemination of prevention messages to educate the public on necessary precautions.
- Moreover, a dedicated hotline (8924) is available to report suspected cases or seek information about the disease.
Heightened vigilance in Mauritius due to Chikungunya resurgence in Réunion Island
The situation in Mauritius calls for increased vigilance, given the concerning developments on its sister island, Réunion, which is currently facing a significant resurgence of chikungunya cases. With around 2,000 new cases reported weekly, Réunion has escalated to level 4 of the ORSEC plan—just one step shy of a mass epidemic declaration. In response, Mauritian authorities are intensively monitoring travelers from Reunion Island and advising Mauritians to exercise caution and adopt preventive measures when traveling there.
What is chikungunya?
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease predominantly spread by the Aedes species, which are also responsible for transmitting dengue and Zika viruses. These mosquitoes are primarily active and bite during the daytime. The term "chikungunya" originates from the Makonde language, meaning "to become contorted," reflecting the severe joint pain that typically accompanies the infection.
Symptoms to watch out for
Symptoms of chikungunya typically develop in 4 to 7 days following a mosquito bite and can persist for several weeks. These symptoms include high fever, often exceeding 39°C, severe joint pain primarily affecting the wrists, ankles, and fingers, as well as headaches, fatigue, and skin rashes. Some individuals may also experience nausea or muscle pain. While chikungunya is rarely fatal, it can lead to chronic joint pain, especially in older adults or those with weakened immune systems.
Is chikungunya transmissible by human or animal contact?
Chikungunya cannot be transmitted through direct contact with humans or animals. The virus is exclusively spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes, specifically those belonging to the Aedes species. Once these mosquitoes bite an infected person, they become carriers of the virus and can transmit it to others through their bites.
What should you do if you exhibit symptoms of chikungunya?
If you develop symptoms of chikungunya, such as high fever, severe joint pain, or other signs mentioned previously, seek medical advice promptly. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing the disease effectively and preventing further complications. Avoid self-medicating, especially with anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen, as they can exacerbate certain viral infections.
Rest and hydration are vital. Make sure to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration and limit physical activity.
For fever and joint pain relief, use paracetamol as directed by your healthcare provider.
To minimize the risk of spreading the virus, take measures to prevent mosquito bites. Since an infected individual can transmit the virus to mosquitoes, which can then infect others, it's important to:
- Use mosquito nets while sleeping.
- Apply insect repellent to both skin and clothing.
- Wear light-colored, long-sleeved shirts and pants.
Continuously monitor your symptoms. If joint pain persists or intensifies over several weeks, consult your doctor for ongoing medical supervision.
Particularly vulnerable groups, including the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic conditions, should exercise extra caution. For additional support or information, contact the dedicated hotline at 8924.
Our advice for daily protection
To prevent the spread of chikungunya, it's essential to adopt effective daily protective measures:
- Regularly apply repellents containing DEET, IR3535, or icaridine to your skin and clothing.
- Opt for light-colored, long-sleeved shirts and pants, especially during the early morning and late evening when mosquitoes are most active.
- Place mosquito nets on windows and around beds, particularly for infants and the elderly.
- Employ devices like diffusers or mosquito coils to keep mosquitoes away indoors.
Eliminate mosquito breeding spots
Regularly empty and cover containers like flower pots, buckets, and barrels that can collect water. Keep courtyards, gardens, and terraces free of debris that can retain water. Ensure swimming pools are well-clorinated and covered when not in use.
Conclusion
The recent detection of a local Chikungunya case in Mauritius underscores the persistent threat of the virus, which can reemerge after years of dormancy. In 2006, the island experienced a significant outbreak with over 11,000 reported cases, highlighting the devastating potential of such epidemics. Enhanced surveillance and proactive preventive measures are now in place to prevent a recurrence. Continuously practicing good habits and reducing mosquito breeding are essential strategies for safeguarding against the virus and mitigating its spread.
