Driving a car is a common practice among expatriates in Bahrain, making travel easier and flexible. The Kingdom has improved its road networks by incorporating highways, township roads bordering rural roads that ease movement across the Island.
Key features of driving in Bahrain
Bahrain has an extensive and well-maintained road network. The country has a series of highways connecting various urban centers and other secondary roads leading to other rural areas.
Pricing on fuel in Bahrain is lower than other countries making it economically feasible for residents to purchase and maintain vehicles.
There are road signs that include both the Arabic and the English languages, which aids foreigners and visitors while driving on roads.
Getting a driver's license in Bahrain
If expats are prepared to be in Bahrain for over 12 months, it is compulsory to possess a Bahraini driving license. Below is the description of the process to get one:
For short-term visitors
If visitors have an international driver's license, which they can get in their own country, they will be able to drive. Visitors may be allowed to drive with their country's license if it can be permitted in Bahrain.
For long-term foreigners
Long-term foreign residents in Bahrain can convert their driver's license by producing the following documents:
- An authenticated foreign driving license;
- Two passport-sized photographs;
- Document that can confirm that they are residing in the country legally (residence permit);
- Copy of passport;
- Evidence of medical check-up to confirm you are fit for driving.
Start by visiting the Traffic Services to apply for a Bahraini driving license. You will need to undergo a medical vision test, which is typically available at the Traffic Office. Ensure all required documents and the necessary fee are submitted with the application form.
Good to know:
Expatriates from certain recognized countries can convert their foreign driving licenses to Bahraini ones without undergoing a driving test. This provision is applicable to license holders from GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar. Additionally, individuals from a broader list of recognized countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and several European nations like France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, among others, are eligible. Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong, as well as South Africa, also fall under this policy. This streamlined process significantly eases the transition for expatriates moving to Bahrain and intending to drive.
Obtaining a driver's license in Bahrain
For individuals without a recognized home country license, obtaining a Bahraini driving license requires passing a written exam, a driving test, and a medical exam. It also requires completing a specified number of training hours and associated costs. Applicants must undergo 22 hours of driving lessons with an authorized instructor. The fees include BD 5 for a learner's license (approximately USD 13.25), BD 5 for an eye examination (around USD 13.25), BD 12 for using the driving center (about USD 31.80), BD 2 per hour for theoretical lectures (approximately USD 5.30 per hour), and BD 1 for a driving instruction book (around USD 2.65). Practical driving lessons are typically charged at BD 10 per hour (about USD 26.50 per hour), though rates may vary among instructors.
Driving schools and instructors in Bahrain are licensed by the General Directorate of Traffic, ensuring standardized training. Applicants can search for certified driving instructors through the official eGovernment portal. After completing the required training hours, candidates must pass a practical driving test, which incurs additional fees. It's advisable to consult the General Directorate of Traffic for the most current information on requirements and fees.
Good to know:
In Bahrain, driver's licenses are issued with a 10-year validity. When renewing a license, the process is generally the same. Although a practical driving test may not be necessary, an eyesight test and a renewal fee are typically required.
Driving conditions in Bahrain
Roads and traffic design
The major highways, including the King Fahd Causeway, are effortlessly designed to accommodate high traffic volumes and are well maintained. The highways have many signs and numerous lanes.
Urban roads are well-maintained and constructed to high standards, though traffic density increases during peak commuting hours.
Key road obstacles and driving practices
Heavy traffic is common during typical morning and evening rush hours, especially near schools and commercial districts. It's wise to plan travel to avoid these peak times if possible.
Driving behavior here can be aggressive, with frequent lane changes without signaling and cutting off other vehicles, making defensive driving essential.
Although pedestrian crossings are clearly marked, drivers should remain vigilant for pedestrians who may cross the road at unexpected places and yield to them when necessary.
Fuel availability and prices
Numerous fuel stations are conveniently located along major road networks. The government regulates fuel prices, ensuring they remain stable and predictable. As of early 2024, gasoline costs BHD 0.3 (about USD 0.79) per liter, which is lower than in many other countries, thus reducing the expense of driving.
General traffic rules in Bahrain
The traffic is supposed to keep to the right side of the road.
The legal minimum age to drive is 18.
The legal blood alcohol concentration limit is 0.00 mg/ml, indicating zero tolerance for driving under the influence of alcohol. This is a serious offense, and violators face severe penalties, including possible imprisonment.
Drivers are permitted to use mobile phones only with hands-free devices, and violations of this rule can result in substantial fines.
It is mandatory for all occupants of a vehicle, whether passengers or drivers, to wear seat belts. Children over the age of 10 should sit in the back and use standard safety seats.
Set speed limits vary by area: 50 to 70 km/h within city limits, 80 to 100 km/h in rural areas, and 100 to 120 km/h on highways. Adhering to these limits is crucial as speed enforcement cameras are actively used.
Overtaking is generally permitted on both sides when a slow-moving vehicle is occupying a single lane, although the application of this rule can sometimes be unclear.
Red-light cameras and speed traps are installed on various roads to enforce speed limits and traffic laws.
Good to know:
Penalties for traffic violations can range from below BHD 20 to over BHD 500 (USD 53-1,325), depending on the severity of the infraction.
Traffic police in Bahrain
Bahrain boasts a relatively efficient traffic police force responsible for ensuring public safety and compliance with traffic regulations.
In the event of minor accidents, you can report to the traffic police by calling 199.
For major accidents, immediately contact emergency services at 999.
Traffic police patrol cars, easily identifiable by their red and white paint, focus on maintaining order on the roads and responding to emergencies. Passengers and the public are required to obey any directives issued by the officers.
Owning a car in Bahrain
It is not difficult to own a car in Bahrain since there are different facilities for purchasing both a new and a secondhand car.
Individual sales
Before purchasing a car from a private seller, verify whether there is an outstanding loan noted on the vehicle's ownership document. After agreeing on a price, both the seller and buyer should visit the Traffic Office to address any outstanding traffic fines before the transfer of ownership is processed.
Dealer sales
Dealers handle all the necessary paperwork, typically making the transaction smoother and more convenient for the buyer.
Good to know:
Every vehicle needs to be registered and insured once a year. All traffic fines must be cleared before insurance is renewed.
Every car that is more than five years old is required to be tested annually at the vehicle testing station. This is very important in order to ensure the safety of the vehicles driven on the roads.
Car rental in Bahrain
In Bahrain, car rental is a popular choice among expatriates and visitors seeking mobility on the island. The country offers a range of car rental services, from local providers to international chains. Offering a wide range of car rental services catering to different needs and budgets, from local providers to international chains. Local providers such as Gulf Car Rentals and Bahrain Rent A Car are known for their competitive rates and customer-friendly policies, making them a convenient choice for residents and visitors alike. For those seeking the reliability of global brands, international chains like Hertz, Avis, and Budget operate across Bahrain, offering a variety of vehicles, from economy cars to luxury options. These services are widely available, including at Bahrain International Airport and other key locations, ensuring easy access for travelers. These companies feature vehicles from economy to luxury classes. Rental costs can range from a minimum of BHD 15 (about USD 40) to a maximum of BHD 30 (around USD 80) per day, with possible discounts for weekly or monthly rentals.
For expatriates renting vehicles, insurance considerations are key. Typically, rental cars come with insurance that covers named drivers only. Expats should review the insurance policy for specific coverage details and excess amounts.
When it comes to the duration of the rental, expatriates have options to suit their needs. Short-term rentals are ideal for travelers or those needing a vehicle for a brief period, while long-term rentals are preferred by many expatriates as they eliminate the complications associated with car ownership, such as maintenance and insurance.
Driving costs in Bahrain
It's important to note the expenses involved with driving within Bahrain as this will be needed for effective budgeting. Here's an outline of different expenses you could encounter.
Car prices
Older used cars typically sell for around 1,500 BHD (approximately USD 3,975), while newer models generally start at about 5,000 BHD (approximately USD 13,250) and up.
Fuel
Fuel pricing is static; currently, the price for one liter of gasoline is about 0,3 BHD (around USD 0.79).
Insurance
Annual insurance premiums range from BHD 150 to BHD 300 (approximately USD 400 to 800), based on the level of coverage.
Vehicle registration
The annual registration fee costs around BHD 30 (approximately USD 80).
Maintenance and repairs
Routine maintenance costs typically range from BHD 30 to BHD 100 (approximately USD 80 to 265), depending on the type of service. Essential services such as regular oil changes, tire rotations, and brake inspections are crucial for maintaining vehicles in optimal condition.
Average monthly driving costs for expats
For expatriates with a moderate income in Bahrain, monthly driving expenses typically include:
- Fuel: BHD 40 (approximately USD 106);
- Insurance: BHD 25 (approximately USD 66);
- Maintenance: BHD 20 (approximately USD 53);
- Miscellaneous Costs (tolls, registration): BHD 10 (approximately USD 26).
This results in about BHD 95 (approximately USD 253) per month for expatriates in the B income class. Expatriates in higher income brackets, such as those earning an A-class income, may face higher costs for fuel and insurance due to driving larger or more expensive vehicles, among other luxuries.
Weather considerations when driving in Bahrain
Heat and visibility
In the summer, the extreme heat can cause car engines to overwork, increasing the risk of overheating and exhaustion. It's essential to ensure that your car's air conditioning system is functioning properly.
Sandstorms
Sandstorms are frequent in Bahrain and can drastically reduce visibility. In such conditions, it's advisable to safely pull over to the side of the road and wait for visibility to improve.
Saudi Causeway and GCC travel
King Fahd Causeway
The King Fahd Causeway is a vital link between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, benefiting residents and travelers. Spanning approximately 25 km (16 miles), this causeway facilitates business and leisure travel with its exposed vehicle lanes.
A modest toll fee applies for using the causeway, typically around BHD 3 (approximately USD 8) per standard vehicle as of 2024, which generally does not significantly impact travel budgets.
Expect delays due to stringent border checks when entering or exiting Bahrain.
Important:
Always have your visa, passport, and vehicle registration documents ready when crossing.
Driving within the GCC
Traveling by road from Bahrain to Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates or other western Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is feasible, with each country having its own road rules and infrastructure.
The journey from Bahrain to Kuwait is about 373 miles, passing north through Saudi Arabia via the King Fahd Causeway. Be prepared for tolls and border controls along the way.
The common route to Qatar involves driving through Saudi Arabia and then onto Salwa Road after entering Qatar. The distance is approximately 700 km (435 miles). It's important to check specific visa and entry requirements for Qatar as they may differ.
Travel to the UAE typically involves a route through Saudi Arabia to Dubai, covering about 746 miles from Bahrain. Traffic conditions can vary, especially in densely populated areas.
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