Türkiye's unique geographical position not only makes it a crucial hub for international trade but also creates a melting pot of cultures, which is reflected in its business environment. The Turkish economy, characterized by a mix of traditional industries and rapidly growing sectors, presents a range of work opportunities.
However, if you are interested in working in Türkiye, it's important to be aware of the country's volatile economy. While job offers, especially in specific fields such as tourism and hospitality, may be plentiful, the Turkish Lira has recently undergone bouts of strong devaluation. This means that receiving your salary in local currency may not be the best option for accumulating savings.
Understanding the Turkish job market
The Turkish job market, mirroring the country's unique position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, is a dynamic landscape made up of various industries and sectors.
Here's a quick overview of the country's main industries:
Textiles and Garments
Türkiye has long been a powerhouse in textiles and garments, renowned for its quality cotton production and thriving fashion industry. In fact, a number of internationally recognized mass-market luxury clothing brands originate from Türkiye, such as LC Waikiki, Koton, Mavi Jeans, Vakko, Ipekyol, Beymen, Defacto, LesBenjamins, and others.
Automotive and Machinery
Türkiye is also a significant player in the automotive sector, with many international companies having manufacturing plants here, including Ford, Toyota, Fiat, Renault, Hyundai, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen.
Agriculture
Agriculture remains a vital sector, with Türkiye being one of the world's largest producers of agricultural products. For instance, Türkiye is one of the top exporters of fruits and vegetables. Notably, it is a top exporter of cherries, figs, apricots, and grapes and also trades a significant amount of tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers. The country is also the world's largest producer and exporter of hazelnuts, accounting for approximately 70-75% of global production.
Tourism
With its rich history and stunning landscapes, tourism is a major industry in Türkiye. This sector not only includes hospitality and travel services but also historical and cultural preservation.
Technology and Startups
In recent years, there's been notable growth in the technology sector, especially in cities like Istanbul, which is becoming a hub for startups and innovation.
Current employment trends for expats in Türkiye
While the Turkish economy is currently going through a complicated period, there is still room and demand for foreign expertise in select areas.
There is a growing demand for professionals with expertise in IT, software development, and digital marketing, driven by the burgeoning startup scene in major cities across the country.
Engineers, particularly in the fields of automotive, mechanical, and civil engineering, are in demand, reflecting the country's industrial growth.
With the expansion of international business, there's a high demand for individuals with multilingual skills. Additionally, the education sector seeks native speakers for language teaching, especially in English.
Expatriates with experience in management, business development, and finance are sought after, particularly those who can navigate both Western and Eastern business practices.
Where to seek employment in Türkiye
If you are looking for a job in Türkiye, the best strategy would be to narrow down on the niche you want to work in and the areas where these industries are most developed.
As the economic powerhouse of Türkiye, Istanbul offers opportunities in finance, technology, tourism, and international trade. This is probably the first place to start looking for job offers – and a great “playground” to evaluate your chances, competition and salary range.
Known for its focus on administration and government, Ankara also has a growing technology sector. It's a solid choice to look for job offers in administrative roles, translation, education, and management.
Bursa and Kocaeli regions are industrial hubs, particularly for the automotive and machinery sectors. If you are looking for a job in manufacturing, it may be a good idea to check in with the local branches of large industrial companies.
If you are looking to work in tourism or hospitality, you should have your sights set on coastal towns such as Antalya, Bodrum, Kemer, and others. Large local hotels, as well as international chains, are regularly in search of staff who can speak foreign languages and have experience in entertainment, catering, food and beverage, customer service, and more.
How to find a job in Türkiye
Finding employment in Türkiye, much like in any country, requires a strategic approach tailored to the local job market. To make your job hunt in Türkiye quick and effective, it's best to leverage various resources and stay proactive.
Start with a thorough research of the job market in your preferred area and niche. Pay attention to which sectors are thriving and what types of skills and experience are in demand. Websites like Kariyer.net, Yenibiris.com, and Eleman.net can be of great help here. You should also check out international job portals such as indeed.com that have listings for Türkiye.
Once you've done your research, make sure to tailor your resume and cover letter to align with Turkish business standards and the specific requirements of the job you're applying for. Highlighting any regional experience or knowledge about Türkiye can be highly advantageous.
Ensure your online professional profiles, like LinkedIn, are updated and reflect your current skills and experiences. Many employers and headhunters use these platforms to find potential candidates. To make it easier for them to find you, consider changing your LinkedIn location to Türkiye.
Applying for a job in Türkiye: Resume and cover letter
Creating a resume and cover letter that resonate with Turkish employers is crucial in the application process. Understanding the local expectations and nuances can significantly increase your chances of landing a job.
- First, take a look at your resume and make sure it's professionally formatted. A first impression can go a long way, especially when applying for a job in a foreign country. Include your contact information, education, work experience, skills, and any relevant certifications.
- Turkish employers value relevant work experience. Highlight your roles and responsibilities in previous jobs, focusing on achievements that align with the job you're applying for.
- If you have experience working in multicultural environments or specific experience in the region, highlight it. This will show your adaptability and understanding of different cultures.
- If you have even a basic knowledge of Turkish, this could be a huge plus. Make sure to highlight this ability in your resume as well as your interest in improving your language skills.
Cover letters are not a must when applying for a job in Türkiye – but they can be a very effective addition and a way to complete your application with a personal touch.
- Address your cover letter to the hiring manager, if possible, and tailor it to the specific company and position. Show that you have researched the company and understand its needs.
- Use your cover letter to clearly explain why you are interested in the position and how your skills and experiences make you a uniquely suitable candidate. Do your best to maintain a professional yet approachable tone.
- Show enthusiasm without being overly casual. End your cover letter with a strong closing statement and a call to action: suggest you'd be happy to learn more about the position, are looking forward to an interview or would gladly do a test assignment.
Cultural nuances when applying for a job in Türkiye
When job hunting in a foreign country, it's always a good idea to be aware of cultural nuances that could affect your job hunting results.
Here are a few things to take into account:
- Turkish business culture tends to be more formal. Ensure that your application materials reflect a professional tone and presentation.
- Sometimes, who you know can be as important as what you know. If you have connections, it may be a good idea to gently mention them in your cover letter or during the interview.
- It's acceptable and often expected to follow up on your application. A polite email or phone call can demonstrate your interest in the position.
Good to know:
The hiring process in Türkiye might take longer than you're accustomed to. Be patient and keep in touch with the employer without being intrusive.
Legal requirements for working in Türkiye
Understanding the legal requirements is crucial for expatriates looking to work in Türkiye. The Turkish government has specific regulations in place for foreign workers, which include obtaining a work visa and permit.
How to get a work visa
Before working in Türkiye, you will first need to secure a work visa. You can typically do that in your home country by applying with the relevant documents at a Turkish embassy or consulate. The documents you will need to submit typically include the following:
- Passport;
- Photographs;
- The job offer letter;
- A duly filled-in application form;
- And the employer's approval from the Ministry of Family, Labor, and Social Services.
However, keep in mind that the exact list of documents may differ depending on your specific situation.
How to get a work permit
At the same time, with your work visa application, you can also start the application process for your Turkish work permit. This can be done online via the e-Government portal of Türkiye (e-Devlet).
To obtain a work permit in Türkiye, you will need to work together with your employer.
First, your employer will need to apply to the Ministry of Family, Labor, and Social Services in Türkiye, prove that the position you are applying for cannot be filled by a Turkish citizen, and submit relevant company documents.
Once your employer's application is approved, you can apply for your work visa. (see the section above).
Once your applications are processed and approved, you'll receive your work visa, which will allow you to travel to Türkiye.
Upon arrival, or through a specified process, you will be issued your work permit, officially authorizing you to work in Türkiye.
Keep in mind that the approval process can take several weeks, and the permit's duration typically aligns with the employment contract's length, up to a maximum of two years. Once your work permit expires, you will have the option to renew it following a similar procedure.
Legal rights and obligations of foreign workers in Türkiye
Foreign workers in Türkiye have rights under Turkish labor laws, which include fair working conditions, minimum wage, work hours, overtime pay, and social security benefits. They are also entitled to non-discriminatory treatment in the workplace.
On the other hand, expat workers in the country must adhere to the conditions of their work permit and visa. This includes working only for the employer specified in the permit and complying with Turkish tax laws.
If you decide to switch from one employer to another, you will need to apply for a new work permit.
Leave and public holidays in Türkiye
The Labor Law No. 4857 governs annual leave entitlements in Türkiye. The duration of annual leave awarded to employees depends on their length of service with an employer. In most cases, employees who have worked for one to five years (inclusive) are entitled to at least 14 days of annual leave; those who have worked for five to fifteen years are entitled to 20 days, and those who have worked for more than fifteen years are eligible for at least 26 days. It should be noted that these are the bare minimums; lengthier leave terms may be specified in collective bargaining agreements or employment contracts. Official and public holidays are excluded from the annual vacation period for calculating working days.
Türkiye recognizes several public holidays, which are observed nationwide and provide employees with days off from work. These holidays include both secular and religious observances and include:
- January 1st (New Year's Day);
- April 23rd (National Sovereignty and Children's Day);
- May 1st (Labor and Solidarity Day);
- May 19th (Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day): Honors Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's landing at Samsun in 1919, which is regarded as the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence;
- July 15th (Democracy and National Unity Day);
- August 30th (Victory Day): Marks the victory in the Battle of Dumlupınar in 1922, part of the Turkish War of Independence;
- October 29th (Republic Day): Celebrates the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye in 1923.
In addition to these secular holidays, there are religious holidays with dates that vary each year according to the Islamic lunar calendar:
- Ramadan Feast (Eid al-Fitr): A three-day festival marking the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting;
- Sacrifice Feast (Eid al-Adha): A four-day holiday commemorating the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God.
Salary and benefits when working in Türkiye
The average monthly salary in Türkiye stands at around 7,830 Turkish Liras, which is equivalent to approximately 405.86 USD. Please keep in mind that as the exchange rate in Türkiye changes frequently, how much your salary in Liras may translate into other countries won't be stable.
Additionally, the average salary is just a rough estimate of how much you could potentially make. Salaries in Türkiye range widely between different fields and professions — and even between different regions in the country. The lowest salaries start at about 3,000 TRY (approximately 103 USD) and go to a high of around 52,769 TRY (equivalent to 1814.18 USD).
If you are looking to avoid exchange rate fluctuations, the best option is to have your salary amount tied to a foreign currency so that the Turkish lira fluctuations do not affect you.
When planning your relocation to Türkiye, make sure to take into account the potential challenges, work visa and permit regulations, living expenses, as well as the fluctuating exchange rate.
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