Living in Florida: the ultimate expat guide

Florida's robust economy offers excellent employment prospects across multiple sectors. As the nation's top tourist destination—welcoming over 135 million visitors in 2023—the hospitality industry remains a cornerstone employer. However, the state has successfully diversified its economy, creating opportunities in healthcare, technology, aerospace, international banking, and professional services.

Key employment sectors

The tourism and hospitality sector employs approximately 1.8 million workers statewide, with major employers including Walt Disney World (over 70,000 employees), Universal Orlando Resort, and numerous hotel chains. Healthcare represents another significant sector, with major hospital systems like Baptist Health South Florida, AdventHealth, and Tampa General Hospital consistently hiring medical professionals. The technology sector is experiencing rapid growth, particularly in Miami's emerging tech hub and the Space Coast's aerospace corridor, where companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Lockheed Martin maintain significant operations.

Work visas and permits

International workers seeking employment in Florida must obtain appropriate work authorization through the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The most common work visa categories include the H-1B visa for specialty occupations requiring at least a bachelor's degree, with an annual cap of 65,000 visas plus 20,000 additional visas for holders of U.S. master's degrees or higher. The L-1 visa facilitates intracompany transfers for managers and specialized workers. Note that as of September 2025, new H-1B petitions may require an additional $100,000 payment under recent regulations. Employers must sponsor work visa applications and demonstrate that hiring foreign workers will not adversely affect U.S. workers' wages and conditions.

The table below presents key employment indicators for Florida:

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Florida Department of Economic Opportunity

Florida hosts a comprehensive higher education system with numerous internationally recognized universities, making it an attractive destination for students from around the world. The state is home to 12 public universities within the State University System of Florida, as well as dozens of private institutions offering diverse academic programs. The average tuition cost for Florida's public universities ranks among the lowest in the nation, providing excellent value for quality education.

Top universities for international students

The University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville consistently ranks among the top public universities in the nation. With an acceptance rate of approximately 30%, UF offers over 200 graduate programs and 100 undergraduate majors across disciplines including engineering, business, medicine, and law. Tuition for international students is approximately $28,658 per year for undergraduates and $30,130 for graduate students. Visit www.ufl.edu for more information.

Florida International University (FIU) in Miami serves over 55,000 students, including more than 3,800 international students from over 140 countries. FIU offers affordable tuition at approximately $18,964 per year for out-of-state students and excels in programs such as international business, hospitality management, and engineering. The university's location in Miami provides unique access to Latin American business networks. More details at www.fiu.edu.

Private universities

The University of Miami (UM) stands as Florida's premier private research university, known for programs in marine science, medicine, music, and business. With approximately 19,000 students and an acceptance rate of 28%, UM charges tuition of approximately $62,616 per year. International students must demonstrate English proficiency through TOEFL (minimum 80 iBT) or IELTS (minimum 6.5) scores. Information available at www.miami.edu.

Other notable institutions include the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando—one of the nation's largest universities by enrollment—Florida State University (FSU) in Tallahassee, and the University of South Florida (USF) in Tampa. Each offers extensive support services for international students, including visa assistance, English language programs, and cultural integration support.

Florida has earned its reputation as America's premier retirement destination, attracting retirees with its tax-friendly policies, year-round sunshine, and extensive senior-focused communities. The state offers no income tax on retirement income, including Social Security, pensions, and IRA/401(k) distributions, making it particularly attractive for those on fixed incomes. With numerous 55+ communities and excellent healthcare facilities, Florida provides retirees with both financial advantages and quality of life.

Top retirement destinations

Naples was ranked the #1 place to retire in the United States by U.S. News & World Report for 2025, offering upscale living, beautiful beaches, and world-class golf. Housing costs are higher than average, but the quality of life is exceptional. Sarasota consistently ranks among the nation's best retirement cities, featuring award-winning beaches (including Siesta Key, rated among the world's best), a thriving arts scene, and excellent healthcare at Sarasota Memorial Hospital.

The Villages, located between Orlando and Ocala, represents the world's largest 55+ community with over 150,000 residents. It offers an unmatched social lifestyle with over 700 holes of golf, 200+ pickleball courts, 100 swimming pools, and 3,000+ clubs and organizations. Nearly everything is accessible by golf cart. Other popular options include Fort Myers, Clearwater, Palm Coast, and Ocala—each offering lower costs than coastal alternatives while maintaining quality healthcare and recreational amenities.

Healthcare and practical considerations

Florida's healthcare system includes numerous nationally ranked hospitals, though costs and insurance options require careful research. Medicare operates throughout the state, with various Medicare Advantage plans available. Retirees should also budget for homeowners or renters insurance, which averages approximately $1,951 annually for homeowners due to hurricane and flood risks. Property taxes are generally reasonable, with a homestead exemption available for primary residences that can reduce taxable property value by $50,000.

Florida provides diverse educational options for expatriate families, from high-quality public schools to prestigious private and international institutions. The state operates one of the largest public school systems in the nation, serving over 2.8 million students across 67 school districts. Understanding the options and enrollment requirements will help families make informed decisions about their children's education.

Public school system

Florida's public schools are free for all residents, including children of visa holders. School quality varies significantly by district and neighborhood, with top-performing counties including St. Johns County, Martin County, and parts of Seminole County. Enrollment requires proof of residency, immunization records, and previous school transcripts. The academic year typically runs from mid-August to late May. Students whose first language is not English may access English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) programs at no additional cost.

International and private schools

For families seeking curricula from their home countries or internationally recognized programs, Florida offers numerous International Baccalaureate (IB) schools and private institutions. The average tuition for IB schools in Florida is approximately $20,760 per year, though costs range from $14,000 to over $35,000 annually depending on the institution.

Notable international schools include Saint Andrew's School in Boca Raton (tuition approximately $34,500), Palmer Trinity School in Palmetto Bay, and the French American International School of Boca Raton offering bilingual education. British and American curriculum schools are concentrated in South Florida, with options in Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and Palm Beach areas. Many schools offer rolling admissions, though early application is recommended for competitive institutions.

The table below shows estimated annual tuition ranges for different school types:

Sources: Private School Review, Florida Department of Education

Florida's real estate market offers diverse housing options, from beachfront condominiums to suburban single-family homes and urban apartments. Housing costs vary significantly by region, with South Florida (Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach) commanding premium prices, while Central and North Florida offer more affordable alternatives. Understanding the rental market and popular neighborhoods will help newcomers find suitable accommodation.

Rental market overview

As of 2025, the average rent in Florida stands at approximately $2,540 per month. However, prices differ dramatically by city and neighborhood. In Miami, one-bedroom apartments average $2,743 monthly, while three-bedroom units reach $3,800 or more. Orlando offers more moderate pricing at around $1,823 for a one-bedroom. Jacksonville provides the most affordable major-city option at approximately $1,445 for one-bedroom apartments. Most landlords require first month's rent, last month's rent, and a security deposit (typically one month's rent), along with proof of income and credit checks.

Popular neighborhoods for expats

In Miami, Coral Gables and Coconut Grove attract families seeking excellent schools and tree-lined streets, while Brickell appeals to young professionals with its walkable urban environment. Fort Lauderdale offers a more relaxed atmosphere with Las Olas Boulevard providing cultural amenities. The Orlando area's Winter Park neighborhood combines small-town charm with proximity to downtown, while Dr. Phillips offers newer developments near theme parks. Tampa's Hyde Park and South Tampa neighborhoods feature historic homes and excellent restaurants.

The table below displays average monthly rents by city:

Sources: Numbeo, Apartment List (2025 data)

Florida offers an unparalleled array of leisure activities, from world-famous theme parks to pristine beaches, nature preserves, and a thriving arts scene. Whether you enjoy outdoor adventures, cultural experiences, or family entertainment, the Sunshine State delivers options for every interest and age group.

Theme parks and attractions

Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando remains the world's most visited theme park destination, spanning 25,000 acres with four major theme parks, two water parks, and numerous resort hotels. Universal Orlando Resort offers thrilling attractions including The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, while SeaWorld Orlando combines marine life exhibits with roller coasters. Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex on Florida's Space Coast provides unique opportunities to experience America's space program and potentially witness rocket launches.

Beaches and outdoor activities

Florida boasts over 1,350 miles of coastline and some of the world's most beautiful beaches. Clearwater Beach and Siesta Key Beach (near Sarasota) consistently rank among America's best beaches. The Florida Keys offer exceptional snorkeling and diving at the only living coral barrier reef in the continental United States. For nature enthusiasts, Everglades National Park provides opportunities to observe unique wildlife including alligators, manatees, and rare bird species.

Arts and culture

Miami's Pérez Art Museum and Wynwood Walls showcase contemporary art, while the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts hosts world-class performances. Sarasota's cultural scene includes the Ringling Museum featuring circus history and fine art, plus the Sarasota Opera. Tampa's Ybor City historic district celebrates the city's Cuban heritage, and St. Augustine—founded in 1565—offers America's oldest European settlement with charming colonial architecture and museums.

Sports and events

Florida hosts professional teams across all major sports leagues: the Miami Heat, Miami Dolphins, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Orlando Magic, Florida Panthers, and multiple Major League Baseball teams. Annual events include the Miami Open tennis tournament, Daytona 500 NASCAR race, and numerous art festivals and food events throughout the year.

Daily life in Florida revolves around the car. Unlike many international cities, public transportation options remain limited in most areas, making a personal vehicle essential for most residents. Understanding transportation options, utility costs, and cultural norms will help newcomers adapt smoothly to Florida living.

Transportation options

A car is virtually essential in most Florida cities. Major metro areas like Miami, Tampa, and Orlando do offer public transit systems, but coverage and frequency cannot match major international cities. Miami-Dade Transit operates the Metrorail rapid transit system, Metrobus network, and free Metromover in downtown Miami. Fares start at $2.25 per ride. Orlando's LYNX bus system covers the metro area, while Tampa's HART provides limited bus service. Tri-Rail connects Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and West Palm Beach along the coast.

Rideshare services like Uber and Lyft operate throughout the state and provide convenient alternatives for occasional trips. Average commute times range from 25 to 45 minutes depending on location, with Miami experiencing the heaviest traffic congestion. Obtaining a Florida driver's license is recommended within 30 days of establishing residency; some countries have reciprocal agreements allowing license exchanges.

Cultural considerations

Florida's culture reflects its diverse population, with strong Latin American influences particularly in South Florida, where Spanish is widely spoken. The pace of life is generally relaxed, with outdoor activities playing a central role year-round. Tipping is customary at 15-20% in restaurants, and excellent customer service is expected across industries. Air conditioning is ubiquitous and essential during summer months, contributing to higher utility bills averaging $150-$250 monthly depending on home size and usage.

Shopping centers and grocery stores typically open from 7:00 AM to 10:00 PM or later, with many 24-hour options available. Major grocery chains include Publix (a Florida favorite), Whole Foods, Trader Joe's, and Walmart. Banks typically operate from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM on weekdays, with some Saturday hours.

Understanding the cost of living in Florida helps newcomers budget appropriately and choose suitable locations. While Florida offers no state income tax—a significant advantage—other costs such as housing, insurance, and healthcare should be carefully considered. Costs vary substantially between regions, with South Florida commanding premium prices and North-Central Florida offering more affordable options.

Monthly budget for a single person

A single person living in a Florida city center should expect monthly expenses of approximately $2,800-$3,500 excluding rent. Adding a one-bedroom apartment brings total monthly costs to $4,600-$6,200 depending on location. Key expense categories include housing, food, transportation, health insurance, and utilities. The table below provides detailed estimates:

Monthly budget for a family of four

Families should budget significantly more, particularly when factoring in larger housing, additional food costs, and potentially private school tuition. A family of four in Florida can expect monthly costs of approximately $6,500-$10,000 including rent, depending on location and lifestyle choices:

Sources: Numbeo, Living Cost (2025 estimates)