Declining Rainfall
The root of this crisis lies in a prolonged rainfall deficit. For months, rainfall has been increasingly rare, a phenomenon closely tied to climate change and global warming. July 2024 stands as the driest month globally in over a century. In Mauritius, only 36% of the usual rainfall was recorded, and by August, precipitation had dropped another 10%. The forecast offers little hope for improvement in the near future. Meteorologists at the Vacoas weather station predict no heavy rains between October and December. October's rainfall is expected to hover around 55 mm, with November's slightly higher at 60 mm. Both figures fall well below the seasonal average.
Shrinking Reservoir Capacity
Mounting concern surrounds the dwindling water levels in the nation's reservoirs. Currently, the overall fill rate stands at 67%, down from 72.9% at the same time last year. The La Ferme and La Nicolière reservoirs are already below 50% capacity. Mare-aux-Vacoas and Midlands Dam are at 70%, while Bagatelle Dam is at 75%. Just a year ago, these same reservoirs held significantly more, with Mare-aux-Vacoas and Midlands Dam at 85% and 90% capacity, respectively. The reduced rainfall has also impacted groundwater reserves, which are now below normal levels.
To mitigate the crisis—reminiscent of the 2022 drought—the authorities have initiated a series of measures aimed at securing water supplies. Large-scale efforts have been made to modernize the distribution network in key areas. New filtration systems have been installed, and aging pipes have been replaced, particularly in the northern, eastern, and southern regions most affected by water shortages. The Central Water Authority (CWA) is also exploring options to revise distribution schedules, ensuring more effective management of the available resources.
How to Prepare for the Drought
In this challenging environment, it's vital that everyone takes responsible action to adapt to the early drought. Here are practical tips to help you prepare:
- Store Water: For regions experiencing frequent water cuts, having domestic water tanks or cisterns is essential. Ensure your home has a proper storage system for drinking and household water. If not, consult with your landlord or make arrangements with service providers to install one.
- Reduce Water Usage: Simple everyday actions can significantly cut water consumption. Turn off taps when brushing your teeth, shorten shower times, and wash small batches of dishes by hand to avoid wasting water.
- Recycle Water: Reuse water from washing vegetables or cooking to hydrate your plants. Consider installing a rainwater harvesting system. Even minimal rainfall can contribute to your water needs.
- Limit Outdoor Water Use: Reduce activities like watering the garden or washing your car. Opt for drought-resistant plants, and use mulch to retain soil moisture. Every bit of conservation helps.
- Fix Leaks: Even a small leak can waste liters of water each day. Regularly check your plumbing, pipes, and faucets, and address any leaks immediately.
