Hi Kenjee - My wife and I have lived in Panama for three years now and I appreciate your question.
We do our best to live a green lifestyle beginning with buying products that are not pre-packaged, using our AC as little as possible (with the risk of very dirty air and soot coming into our home), walking and using public transport rather than owning a car, We would recycle but there are no facilities in Panama that have significant recycling programs.
To expand on the greening issue in Panama we have observed the following:
1. Trash collection is sporadic at best in Panama City and mostly non-existent in the interior, even in some of the most affluent areas like el Valle where residents and hotels regularly choose to burn all their garbage, including plastics, rather than take it to collection places that may be two hours away - each direction.
It is common to see garbage and other trash dumped along city streets and roads or overflowing from collection facilities attracting insects, rodents and other infectious disease carriers.
2. Exhaust fumes from vehicular traffic in the larger cities - Panama City, David, Boquette, etc. are visible during most of the day. While vehicle inspection is required, many cars, buses and trucks can be seen on the streets and roads that do not have current license plates and therefore have not been inspected. There is little, if any, effort
to enforce the laws related to this blatant disregard of the law. This is partially due to the culture of corruption that has existed in the region and remains alive and well.
Ships transiting the Panama Canal burn huge amounts of very low grade diesel while moving and while sitting idle waiting their turn to transit. Boaters, likewise, dump non-bio degradable waste into the water.
3. There are no reports, and perhaps no measurement of air or water quality.
4. Sanitation in the interior and some urban centers is severely lacking and seldom inspected. Many of the 3,000 MEDUCA schools are unusable due to lack of functioning sanitation facilities. Sewer system blockages and infrastructure failures in the cities cause not uncommon "backups" of sewage out of "manholes" designed to maintain the sewer lines, and flow unabated along streets.
5. Alternative energy programs, both active and passive, are begrudgingly approved and building codes do not require or even encourage green design considerations.
So we have many problems in this paradise. Public awareness and education may be the only answer as governments in the region seem to be ineffective in monitoring and enforcing any efforts to improve these conditions.