Adapting to the climate in Australia

>>What are the climate characteristics of Australia?

Broadly speaking on the coast - Tropical climate in north, sub-tropical in centre, mediterranean, temperate (Tasmania).  Inland - continental climate ie extremes of heat and cold.

Melbourne can have 4 seasons in a day.  The climate is very changeable and in summer there are extremes ie temperature can drop 20 degrees within 60 minutes.

>>How does the local weather impact your daily life, mood or health?
It depends on how much you can insulate yourself from it ie aircon in summer, central heating in winter.   Remember also that the difference in hours of daylight from winter to summer also makes a difference to moods and health

>>>What are the pros and cons of the climate in Australia?
From my personal perspective, southern Australia has a great climate for 9 months of the year and an uncomfortable climate the rest of the time, unless you are lucky enough to get a cool summer.

Glenhope has summarised very well: the climate is vastly different between the North and South of Australia (not surprisingly since there is 3,000 kms+ between Darwin and Adelaide).
I have lived in Brisbane (3 years), Melbourne (4 months) and Sydney (3 years): I love the heat, so this explains I now live in Brisbane (and I have never put the air conditioning on).
So I would recommend that you lookup on Wikipedia the weather in the capital cities, and see how that fits with YOUR preferences.

Weather should not be your only priority though ... job opportunity is also a major one.

Cheers, L.

Yes the the weather must not be only priority

The comments by BxB27 show that climate is a matter of personal preference.  I've been to Brisbane and Southern Queensland for short periods only 4 times in 30 years and found aircon essential in summer, except inland, where it is hotter and drier than on the coast but refreshingly cool at night.   In winter, 80km inland from Brisbane, expect frost every night and 25C during the day.

I spent most of the first 15 years living in cities, moving increasingly further into the suburbs of Melbourne and to lesser extent Sydney before finally settling in Central Victoria 100km north of Melbourne, where it's hotter and drier in summer and generally cooler and drier in winter than Melbourne, but the air is fresh and free of pollution and your water comes from the sky.   However, the Bush doesn't suit everyone and there are challenges too.

As noted by BxB27, climate is not the only factor, when considering Australia.  Job opportunities, housing, cost of living and ability to integrate are also important issues.