For music and cinema:
1. The Liceu opera hall. Beautiful space, can often get cheap tickets at the last minute.
2. Palau de la Musica Catalana. Ditto.
3. Verdi Cinema in Gracia. Independent cinema with great nightlife in the area, perfect for a pre- or post-movie drink or meal. If you enjoy walking, I recommend strolling the Passeig de Gracia all the way from Gracia to Plaça Catalunya at night for lovely nightscapes and window shopping.
As for restaurants and bars...
4. Senyor Parellada (Argenteria): A lovely restaurant with excellent prices for delicious traditional Catalan food; right near Santa Maria del Mar. A great introduction to Catalan cuisine, especially seafood, with friendly staff and nice decor. This place is often full, especially in the evening (they open at 8:30 for dinner), so it's worth making a reservation.
5. Romesco (Sant Pau 28): This is an anti-chic place where mustachioed guys grill seafood under non-mood lighting. But it's good, and incredibly cheap. You can eat a huge meal for just a few euros. Often lines out the door.
For Tapas (we like to go to several of these places and make a tour of regional tapas--Basque, Galician, Catalan...):
6. Taller de Tapas (two locations; Argenteria 51 by Santa Maria del Mar; Plaça Sant Josep Oriol 9 by the Church of the Pi): has a great, changing menu of small dishes meant for sharing. Brick-and-wood decor, decent prices.
7. Pulpería Celta (Mercé 16): This is one of our favorites; we always take visitors here! These are Galician tapas, and their specialty is octopus. But if that puts you off, still go for the amazing patatas bravas (potatos with spicy sauce) or pimientos de padron (fried peppers to pop in your mouth; every once in a while you get a spicy one!). Be sure to order the house wine; it's served in shallow ceramic goblets.
8. Euskal Etxea (Montcada 3): Here they serve Basque tapas in a fun atmosphere. Collect the toothpick from each tapa you eat; that's how they calculate the bill at the end!
9. Xaloc (Carrer de la Palla 13-17): This place doubles as a deli to order amazing meats and cheese; share a plate of Spanish cheese or ham with a bottle of wine to taste one of Spain's best flavor combinations.
10. D.O.: This tapas bar is located in Gracia right near Café Salambo, and has some upscale versions of tapas with a nice wine menu.
Bars:
11. Ascensor (Bellafila 3): Enter this bar through an old-fashioned elevator, and try their mojito.
12. Gimlet (Santaló 46): A true old-fashioned cocktail bar, it's best to order a martini or the drink that gives it its name. Plays jazz and feels jazzy.
13. Bar Pastís (Carrer de Santa Monica 4): A tiny, dark place with French sailor inspiration that serves its signature, liquorice- flavored liquor.
14. La Vinya del Senyor (Plaça Santa Maria del Mar): Right in front of the "Cathedral of the Sea," this wine bar has a great selection and the plaça is incredibly pleasant for sipping a glass of wine.
15. Negroni (Joaquin Costa 46): A true cocktail bar, sleek and hip.
OK, so that was more than 10!