Health care in Egypt

I would recommend that you contact or look online at your embassy and see which clinics, Drs and hospitaks they recommend and who speak your mother tongue fluently . I would also be aware their is a high rate of Hep C in Egypt and would not be looking for cheap health care , the costs are very reasonable anyway compared to what you pay in a western medical system .

This linked thread contains some information related to Hepatitis c virus within Egypt.

This link is to the Egyptian Ministry of Health and planning Via Google in English it contains some related information on many subjects Mohp.gov.eg

There are 3 hospitals in Egypt who have recieved the Joint Commission International for Accreditation of hospitals. They are: Maghrabi hospital, Dar el Fouad, and Al Salam Hospital.
The Childrens Cancer Hospital is currently on an accreditation track.
Otherwise, the best way to go is yes through your embassy, and 2ndly and more importantly is word of mouth.
The best one to tell you a good doctor, is another patient.
good luck!

This is related information about one type of flu virus (Avain H5N1) Which is endemic within many of the poultry populations of rural Egypt with most being raised and kept for personal use.

This virus has normally been confined to birds but within certain countries it is being passed from animals and birds to humans.

Its best to avoid handling all poultry when visiting the country side from November Thur may as this is the peak season for this flu virus.

I only mention this for the sake of the children as they love to play with all types of animals.

The processed poultry products are just fine to eat as they all now under-go regular testing prior to being slaughtered for human consumption.

From December 1st 2010 Thur April 10 2011 twenty five cases have been reported within Egypt.below is the most recent information released by both the Egyptian ministry of health and the world health org.

Avian influenza - situation in Egypt - update 496 April 2011 - The Ministry of Health of Egypt has announced four new confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus.

The first case is a one year old male from Behaira Governorate. He developed symptoms on 14 February, was hospitalized on 16 February. He recovered and was discharged on 22 February.

The second case is a three years old female from Behaira Governorate. She developed symptoms on 10 March, was hospitalized on 12 March. She recovered and was discharged on 18 March. The previous two cases are from the same district but different villages and they are not relatives.

The third case a 34 year old female from Alexandria Governorate. She developed symptoms on 9 March and was hospitalized on 15th March. She is still under treatment in a stable condition.

The fourth case is a 30 years old female from Kafr El-Shaikh Governorate. She developed symptoms on 7 March and was hospitalized on 15 March. She recovered and was discharged on 27 March.

Investigations into the source of infection indicate that all cases had exposure to sick and/or dead poultry suspected to have avian influenza.

The cases were confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health Laboratories, a National Influenza Center of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network.

Of the 137 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 45 have been fatal.

This report is from the WHO today and contains information on four more confirmed cases of H5N1 Infections in humans.

Avian influenza - situation in Egypt -
update 50

11 April 2011 - The Ministry of Health of Egypt has announced four new confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus.

The first case is a 20 years old female from Behaira Governorate. She developed symptoms on 14 March and was hospitalized on 19 March. She was in a critical condition and died on 28 March.

The second case is a two years old female from Menofeya Governorate. She developed symptoms on 26 March and was hospitalized on 27 March. She is still under treatment and in a stable condition.

The third case is a 55 year old female from Behaira Governorate. She developed symptoms on 20 March and was hospitalized on 22 March. She recovered and was discharged on 5 April.

The fourth case is a 1 year old male from Fayoum Governorate He developed symptoms on 20 March and was hospitalized on 28 March. He is still under treatment and in a stable condition.

All the cases received oseltamivir treatment at the time of hospitalization.

Investigations into the source of infection indicate that the cases had exposure to sick and/or dead poultry suspected to have avian influenza.

The cases were confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health Laboratories, a National Influenza Center of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network.

Of the 141 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 46 have been fatal

Hi, here are some important infection control guidlines that should be implemented in the dental office: 

Infection control in dental office

* What are (Universal precautions ) ?
They are are safety procedures that are used for each and every patient to prevent the transmission of the AIDS virus and other infectious diseases.

* How is the examination room cleaned and disinfected , and how often ?
Before you enter the room and every after each patient, all surfaces, such as the dental chair, dental light, & drawer handles must be cleaned and decontaminated.

* How are the instruments are steralized ?
All instruments that touch patients are heat-sterilized after each patient's use in a process called autoclaving. Items that are not heat-sterilized are disposed of and a new one is used for each patient.

* If you'd like to see how and where it's done, ask the dental staff to show you.

* Why 'Class-B' Autoclave (steriliser) ?
Class-B sterilisers create a vacuum, thus removing air from the load prior to the chamber being pressurised with steam.
This technique allows faster and more effective steam penetration throughout the entire instrument load than other techniques typically employed in other sterilisers.

As a result, Class B autoclaves are strongly recommended for the sterilisation of dental instruments, especially handpieces.

I think this will be case number 142 and the 47th fatality since 2006.This is the twelfth case of h5n1 infection made public over the last two weeks.

18/04/2011: Egypt - Highly pathogenic avian influenzaYesterday, April 19, 2011, 9:12:33 PM
Confirmed Highly pathogenic avian influenza in Al Fayyum (fayoum), for human (human)

Avian influenza H5N1 - situation in Egypt - update 51
21 April 2011 - On 16 April 2011, the Ministry of Health of Egypt notified WHO of two new cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus.

The first case was a 29 years-old male from Fayoum Governorate Wadi Elrian area who developed symptoms on 1 April , was hospitalized on 4 April and died on 7 April.

The second case was a one -and-a -half year-old male child from Fayoum Governorate, Sennores District who developed symptoms on 9 April and was hospitalized on 11 April. He is under treatment and is in stable condition.

All the cases received oseltamivir treatment at the time of hospitalization.

Investigations into the source of infection indicate that both the cases had exposure to sick and/or dead poultry suspected to have avian influenza. There is no epidemiological link identified between these two cases. The cases were confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health Laboratories, a National Influenza Center of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network.

Of the 143 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 47 have been fatal .

This link is to the mohp site in Egypt for human cases of h5n1 avian flu and it contains the history and current information/status cumulative from 2006

AVIAN INFLUENZA, HUMAN (44): EGYPT, WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
*************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post

ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases


Date: Wed 1 Jun 2011
Source: World Health Organisation (WHO), CSR, Disease Outbreak News
[edited]



Avian influenza situation in Egypt -- WHO update 52
---------------------------------------------------
The Ministry of Health of Egypt has announced a new confirmed case of
human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus.

The case is a 30-year-old female from Amria District, Alexandria
Governorate. She developed symptoms on 26 Apr 2011 and was
hospitalized on 3 May 2011. She was in a critical condition under
artificial ventilation and died on 9 May 2011. She had received
oseltamivir treatment at the time of hospitalization.

Investigations into the source of infection indicate that the patient
had exposure to sick poultry suspected to have avian influenza.

The case was confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health
Laboratory, a National Influenza Center of the WHO Global Influenza
Surveillance Network. Of the 144 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 48
have been fatal.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Marianne Hopp

[This brings the overall total of human cases of avian influenza
A/H5N1 virus infection since the beginning of the outbreak in 2003 to 554, and the number of fatalities to 324. There have now been 38 cases of avian A/H5N1 influenza in 2011 and 18 fatalities.

During the 1st 5 months of 2011, 25 of the 38 new human cases (66
percent) have been recorded in Egypt, but only 8 of the 18 fatalities (44 percent).

Date: Fri 27 May 2011
Source: CIDRAP (Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy) News [edited]



H5N1 strains in Egypt show increased ability to bind to human cells
-------------------------------------------------------------------
H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Egypt have branched into new
sublineages and have shown a mutation that helps them bind more
readily to human cell receptors in the lower respiratory tract, which may indicate an increased pandemic potential, according to a study published yesterday [26 May issue of PLoS Pathogens -- see below for reference, author summary, and abstract - Mod.CP].

Researchers from Egypt, Japan, and Thailand conducted a phylogenetic analysis of H5N1 viruses isolated from 2006 to 2009 in Egypt. Using reverse genetics, they found that several new sublineages have acquired an enhanced receptor-binding affinity of the viral hemagglutinin to alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid (SA), which is a receptor-binding trait of human influenza strains. The mutation was associated with increased attachment to and infectivity in the lower respiratory tract but not the larynx of humans and also demonstrated increased virulence in mice.

The authors conclude, Our findings suggested that emergence of new H5 sublineages with alpha-2,6 SA specificity caused a subsequent increase in human H5N1 influenza virus infections in Egypt, and provided data for understanding the virus's pandemic potential."

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail


[Following are the reference, abstract, and author summary of the
publication referred to above. The full article is available at
/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1002068>

Title: Acquisition of human-type receptor binding specificity by new H5N1 influenza virus sublineages during their emergence in birds in Egypt

Authors: Y Watanabe 1, MS Ibrahim 1,2, HF Ellakany 3, N Kawashita
4,5, R Mizuike 1, H Hiramatsu 6, N Sriwilaijaroen 6,7, T Takagi 4,5, Y Suzuki 6, K Ikuta 1
1. Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Alexandria University, Damanhour Branch, Egypt
3. Department of Poultry Diseases and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina Branch, Egypt
4. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University,
Osaka, Japan
5. Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for
Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
6. Health Scientific Hills, College of Life and Health Sciences,
Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
7. Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus),
PathumThani, Thailand

Author summary
---------------
"Even though highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses lack an efficient mechanism for human-human transmission, these viruses are endemic in birds in China, Indonesia, Viet Nam, and Egypt. Hotspots for bird-human transmission are indicated in areas where human cases are more than 80 percent of total H5N1 influenza cases. Circulation among hosts may allow H5N1 virus to acquire amino acid changes enabling efficient bird-human transmission and eventually human-human transmission. The receptor specificity of viral hemagglutinin (HA) is
considered a main factor affecting efficient transmissibility. Several amino acid substitutions in H5 virus HAs that increase their human-type receptor specificity have been described in virus isolates from patients, but their prevalence has been limited. In contrast, we show here that new H5 sublineages in Egypt have acquired a change in receptor specificity during their diversification in birds. We found that viruses in those sublineages exhibited increased attachment and infectivity in the human lower respiratory tract, but not in the larynx. Our findings may not allow a conclusion on the high pandemic
potential of H5N1 virus in Egypt, but helps explain why Egypt has
recently had the highest number of human H5 cases worldwide."

Abstract
--------
"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 is currently
widespread in Asia, Europe, and Africa, with 60 percent mortality in
humans. In particular, since 2009 Egypt has unexpectedly had the
highest number of human cases of H5N1 virus infection, with more than
50 percent of the cases worldwide, but the basis for this high
incidence has not been elucidated. A change in receptor binding
affinity of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) from alpha-2,3- to
alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid (SA) is thought to be necessary for H5N1
virus to become pandemic. In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic
analysis of H5N1 viruses isolated between 2006 and 2009 in Egypt. The
phylogenetic results showed that recent human isolates clustered
disproportionately into several new H5 sublineages suggesting that
their HAs have changed their receptor specificity. Using reverse
genetics, we found that these H5 sublineages have acquired an enhanced
binding affinity for alpha-2,6 SA in combination with residual
affinity for alpha-2,3 SA, and identified the amino acid mutations
that produced this new receptor specificity. Recombinant H5N1 viruses
with a single mutation at HA residue 192 or a double mutation at HA
residues 129 and 151 had increased attachment to and infectivity in
the human lower respiratory tract but not in the larynx. These
findings correlated with enhanced virulence of the mutant viruses in
mice. Interestingly, these H5 viruses, with increased affinity to
alpha-2,6 SA, emerged during viral diversification in bird populations
and subsequently spread to humans. Our findings suggested that
emergence of new H5 sublineages with alpha-2,6 SA specificity caused a
subsequent increase in human H5N1 influenza virus infections in Egypt,
and provided data for understanding the virus's pandemic potential."

These conclusions are derived from phylogenetic analysis, _in vitro_ experiments with fixed tissue and cultured cells, and reverse genetic constructs in laboratory mice. They clearly indicate that the emergence of a new H5 sublineage with alpha-2,6 SA binding specificity caused a subsequent increase in human H5N1 influenza virus infections in Egypt. These genetic changes affect the transmissibility of avian influenza A/(H5N1) virus from birds to humans, but do not on the basis of the epidemiology in Egypt appear determine transmissibility of
infection among humans. - Mod.CP]

[The ProMED/HealthMap interactive map of Egypt is at:
- Mod.JW]

Date: Thu 9 Jun 2011
Source: FluTrackers, UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO) report [edited]


One new fatal human case of A/H5N1 avian influenza virus infection
------------------------------------------------------------------
General information
Disease event ID: 163110
Reporting date: 8 Jun 2011
Observation date: 23 May 2011

Location
Region: Africa
Admin 1 (Country): Al Qahirah (Cairo) (Egypt)
Locality: Elzawy Alhamra
Lat/Long: 29.9955310461/31.6196065243
Coords quality: Centroid Admin1

Diagnosis
Status: confirmed
Disease: Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Serotype: H5N1
Source: FAO Field Officer

Species affected
An.Type: human
An.Class: human
Species: human
Cases: 1
Deaths: 1

Laboratory tests
Disease tested: Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Result: positive

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall

[In the absence of further information it must be presumed that this is the 145th human case of avian influenza A/(H5N1) virus infection,and the 49th fatality, recorded in Egypt since the beginning of the outbreak in 2003. Confirmation by the Egyptian Health Ministry and WHO is awaited. - Mod.CP]

[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Egypt can be seen at . - Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ]

the information below is for egypt during the month of may, one of the cases has already been added to the totals


Avian influenza situation in Egypt - update 53
----------------------------------------------
The Ministry of Health of Egypt has notified WHO of 5 cases
[including 3 deaths] of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1)virus.

The 1st case is a 40 year old female from Aswan District, Aswan
Governorate. She developed symptoms on 14 May [2011], and was
hospitalized. She completed the course of oseltamivir, recovered, and was discharged.

The 2nd case is a 21 year old pregnant female from Ashmoun District,Menofia Governorate. She developed symptoms on 21 May [2011], was hospitalized, and received oseltamivir. She died on 29 May 2011.

The 3rd case is a 31 year old male from Shobra Elkhima District,
Qaliobia Governorate. He developed symptoms on 21 May [2011], was
hospitalized, and received oseltamivir. He died on 5 Jun 2011.

The 4th case is a 3 years old male from Elzawya District, Cairo
Governorate. He developed symptoms on 23 May [2011] was hospitalized and received oseltamivir. He died on 2 Jun 2011.

The 5th case is a 16 years old male from Ashmoon District, Menofia Governorate. He developed symptoms on 21 May [2011] was hospitalized,and received oseltamivir. He was in a critical condition but he is recovering.

Investigations into the source of infection indicate that all the
cases had exposure to poultry suspected to have avian influenza.

The cases were confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health
Laboratories, a National Influenza Center of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network.

Of the 149 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 51 have been fatal.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-EAFR


[Avian influenza continues to cause sporadic cases in humans as the virus is now known to be circulating endemically in poultry in Egypt.The sporadic cases have been attributed to handling diseased poultry at household level, and visiting live bird markets (see ProMED-EAFR
post no. 20110427.221486).

A recent report however, attributes the increase in new human
infections with avian influenza to the emergence of new sublineages of the virus in Egypt that have a high affinity to human cell receptors in the lower respiratory tract (see ProMED-mail post no.
20110601.1675 and
).

The governorates of Egypt can be located on the map at
. The
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Egypt is available at
. - Mod.JFW]

Another reported case of bird flu with a fatal outcome.Its worth mentioning with hotter weather arriving the new infection levels begin to drop quickly.

Date: Wed 22 Jun 2011
Source: World Health Organization (WHO), CSR, Disease Outbreak News [edited]



Avian influenza situation in Egypt - WHO update 54
--------------------------------------------------
As of Wed 22 Jun 2011 the Ministry of Health of Egypt has notified WHO of a new case of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1)virus. The case is a 27 year old man from Qena governorate, Deshna district. He developed symptoms on 5 Jun 2011, was hospitalized and was put on oseltamivir treatment on 13 Jun 2011. He died on Tue 14 Jun 2011.

Investigations into the source of infection indicate that the patient had exposure to poultry suspected to have avian influenza.

The case was confirmed by the Egyptian sub-national laboratory for Influenza in Aswan and the Central Public Health Laboratories in Cairo, a National Influenza Centre of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network.

Of the 150 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 52 have been fatal.

--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail rapporteur Marianne Hopp

[This case becomes the 31st so far in 2011 and the 12th fatality. The number of cases recorded in 2011 now exceeds that recorded in any previous year since the beginning of the outbreak in Egypt in 2006.

Bird Flu rears its head again
   
Increased preparedness and surveillance urged against variant strain


Major resurgence H5N1 possible
29 August 2011, Rome - FAO today urged heightened readiness and surveillance against a possible major resurgence of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza amid signs that a mutant strain of the deadly Bird Flu virus is spreading in Asia and beyond, with unpredictable risks to human health.

The H5N1 virus has infected 565 people since it first appeared in 2003, killing 331 of them, according to WHO figures. The latest death occurred earlier this month in Cambodia, which has registered eight cases of human infection this year -- all of them fatal.

Since 2003 H5N1 has killed or forced the culling of more than 400 million domestic poultry and caused an estimated $20 billion of economic damage across the globe before it was eliminated from most of the 63 countries infected at its peak in 2006.

However, the virus remained endemic in six nations, although the number of outbreaks in domestic poultry and wild bird populations shrank steadily from an annual peak of 4000 to just 302 in mid 2008. But outbreaks have risen progressively since, with almost 800 cases recorded in 2010-2011.

Virus spread in both poultry and wild birds

At the same time, 2008 marked the beginning of renewed geographic expansion of the H5N1 virus both in poultry and wild birds.

The advance appears to be associated with migratory bird movements, according to FAO Chief Veterinary Officer Juan Lubroth. He said migrations help the virus travel over long distances, so that H5N1 has in the past 24 months shown up in poultry or wild birds in countries that had been virus-free for several years.

"Wild birds may introduce the virus, but peoples' actions in poultry production and marketing spread it," Lubroth noted.

Recently affected areas are to be found in Israel and the Palestinian Territories, Bulgaria, Romania, Nepal and Mongolia.

A further cause for concern, Lubroth said, is the appearance in China and Viet Nam of a variant virus apparently able to sidestep the defences provided by existing vaccines.

In Viet Nam, which suspended its springtime poultry vaccination campaign this year, most of the northern and central parts of the country -- where H5N1 is endemic -- have been invaded by the new virus strain, known as H5N1 - 2.3.2.1.

High alert

Viet Nam's veterinary services are on high alert and reportedly considering a novel, targeted vaccination campaign this fall. Virus circulation in Viet Nam poses a direct threat to Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia as well as endangering the Korean peninsula and Japan further afield. Wild bird migration can also spread the virus to other continents.

"The general departure from the progressive decline observed in 2004-2008 could mean that there will be a flareup of H5N1 this fall and winter, with people unexpectedly finding the virus in their backyard," Lubroth said.

The countries where H5N1 is still firmly entrenched – Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia and Vietnam – are likely to face the biggest problems but no country can consider itself safe, he said.

"Preparedness and surveillance remain essential," Lubroth underlined. "This is no time for complacency. No one can let their guard down with H5N1."

Good afternoon

I am Brazilian and I will live in Cairo for two years. My husband is military attaché in Cairo. I would like to clinical indication or private hospitals with the best medical teams and equipment to perform tests:

1 - Mammography
2 - Ultrassonagrafia Transvaginal
3 - Gynecologists
4 - Thyroid Specialist
5 - General Practitioner
6 - Issues Column

thank you