Well I have been warning people of this exact issue. Since the end of 2018 and the beginning of 2019, enforcement in all government departments has been stepped up e.g. LMRA inspections, municipality checks etc etc. They have even closed loopholes e.g. EWA is now linked to MOIC systems and LMRA systems. This is in part due to the new people in many government ministries as well as abuse of the system by the general public.
See this thread from last year where I was warning a guy to be careful about addresses for this very reason - and as you can see, he was abusing it heavily:
https://www.expat.com/forum/viewtopic.php?id=822765
And yes, there are many other cases happening like this.
Now there are some things that you need to understand:
1) On CPR renewal / replacement / new issue, proof of address is a MUST irrespective of whether you are at same address or another. This proof is in the form of a municipality letter (given on production of a lease) or NOC from landlord or EWA bill in your name
2) You may not have updated your CPR for a long time but when you renew, it is assumed that you will provide your latest correct address. Why? because when your CPR is valid; you may change jobs or addresses hundreds of times and no one will bother to push you to update. The renewal or replacement process (in case of lost card) is supposed to force you to do that
3) If your PRO put your "old" address then yes, it could be seen as intentionally providing a false address. You, personally, as it is your identity card, are liable for ensuring that all the data on your CPR is correct. It doesn't matter if the PRO used his contacts to keep the old address without providing any documents - the fact that the old address remained on the renewed CPR leads to the assumption that "proof" was provided
Now, where I am not clear is the sequence of events and to enable me to answer properly, I need to understand the following:
1) What address was put on the CPR at the time of renewal, old or temporary?
2) What address is on the CPR now?
3) What did your landlord say exactly? i.e. what is the problem with the municipality, what did they say to him etc? how did they find out? was it another tenant who went to them?
4) Who is the municipality levying the fine on? did you get any official communication from them?
If I were to guess, what has happened is that someone else has tried to register the same address on their CPR which automatically flags an error in the CIO system. This is not an issue if the person registering is the tenant and the landlord has the address under his name. But if another tenant who is not the landlord has the address under his name, then it is a problem. Nowadays, they send the person trying to register the address back to the municipality and their reaction is as above.
Anyway, you need to get the CPR updated to your current address irrespective of anything. And secondly, if the municipality hasn't accused you of anything, the issue is between them and your landlord. Either way, as I mentioned above, I need more details to make sense of the situation. And your PRO should help you as he got you into this mess to begin with!!!!.